Hawthorne Writing Style :: essays papers

Hawthorne Writing StyleNathaniel Hawthorne was a prominent early American Author whocontributed greatly to the evolution of modern American literature. ANew England native, Hawthorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts on July4, 1804 and died on May 19, 1864 in New Hampshire. An avid seaman,Hawthornes military chaplain died in 1808 when Nathaniel Hawthorne was only ayoung child. After his fathers death, Hawthorne showed a keeninterest in his fathers worldwide nautical adventures and often readthe logbooks his father had compiled from sailing abroad. Hawthornewas a descendant of a long line of New England Puritans, which sparkedhis interest in the Puritan way of life. After he graduated fromBowdoin College in 1825, Hawthorne returned to his home in Salem werehe began to write in semi-seclusion. Hawthorne published his first young, Fanshawe in 1828. In 1839, Hawthorne was appointed weigher andgauger at the Boston Custom House. He later married Sophia AmeliaPeabody in 1842. In th e following years, Hawthorne wrote his morefamous novels which shaped his own literary style, as well as thegenres of the romance novel and short story. Eventually, Hawthornedeveloped a style of romance fiction representative of his ownbeliefs. Although Nathaniel Hawthornes writing style was often viewedas outdated when compared to modern literature, Hawthorne conveyedmodern themes of psychology and human nature through his crafty use ofallegory and symbolism. To begin with, Hawthornes style wascommonplace for a writer of the nineteenth century. During the timeperiod in which Hawthorne wrote, printing technology was not yetadvanced enough to easily reproduce photographs in books. Therefore,Hawthorne frequently wrote lengthy opthalmic descriptions since hisaudience had no former(a) means to see the setting of the novel. (Magill1840). One example of such descriptions was in The Scarlet Letter whenHawthorne intricately describes the prison door and its surroundings.Another aspec t of Hawthornes writing which was exclusive to his timeperiod was the use of formal dialogue which remained fairly consistentfrom character to character (Magill2 140). Such overblown dialoguewas evident in The Scarlet Letter when the dialogue of Pearl, a youngchild, exhibited no difference from the dialogue of the othercharacters in the novel. Hawthorne adopted the use of overly formaldialogue partly from a British writer, Sir Walter Scott, whose workswere popular in the United States and Great Britain (Magill1 841).Although Hawthornes dialogue was overly formal, it was an accuratetool in describing human emotion (Gale). Absence of characterconfrontation was another component of Hawthornes literary style.

Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare :: Romeo and Juliet Essays

Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare Acts 3 scene 1 of the play is a turn of events point. How important are the events of this scene to the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet At the beginning of the play the audience already know the plot, from the prologue. The prologue describes the two lovers to be, cite star-crossed lovers, luck will twist the events. Their love leads to death, quote death marked love this tells us that Romeo and Juliet are going to die, but in the first two acts, the actions of the play seem to be positive and support because Romeo and Juliet first sight each other at the Capu permits ball, they fall in love, start to meet up secretly after the ball, get married without relative anyone and start planning their future together. In the space of twenty-four hours all these things have happened. In act 3 scene 1 the power of circumstances causes two deaths. The death of Mercutio, Romeos best friend and Tybalt, a close relative of the Capulets. This was caused because the Montagues gatecrashed the Capulets ball and Tybalt wanted to teach Romeo a lesson for gate crashing the Capulets ball. Tybalt didnt intend on cleaning anyone but he ended up killing Mercutio because Mercutio was defending Romeos honour. When Romeo had realised that Tybalt had killed Mercutio from wounding him, he went after Tybalt and killed him. After this the audience know that Romeo and Juliet will not be able to be happy because Romeo will be banished from Verona which means he can never come back to Verona and the Capulets will never let Romeo and Juliet be together because he killed Tybalt a close relative. At the beginning of act 3 scene 1 Benvolio wants to leave because the Capulets are abroad and the prince said, quote If ever you disturb these streets again, your lives shall pay the forfeit of the peace this is said at the beginning of act 3 scene and is saying that if ever another fight is caused past t hey all will be banished from

Thomas Edison :: biography biographies bio

Thomas Edison was born Febuary 11, 1847 in Milan Ohio. He was the youngest of septenary siblings, and did not l headn to talk until he was nearly four. At the age of seven Edison spent three months in school until his mother took him out of school and home schooled him. When Tom turned twelve the young entrepreneur became a coerce newspaper boy. He would ride rail cars selling candy, newspapers, fruits, and vegetables.Soon after Edison began working on the railroads he became practically deaf. There are several theories on what happened to make the inventor deaf one of the widest spread beliefs is that Edison lost his hearing when a conductor boxed his ears after Edison accidentally set fire to a train car. Edison said that he lost his hearing when a brakeman caught Edison by his ears to stop Edison from falling off the train. Regardless of what happened Edison couldnt hear out of his left ear and was about eighty percent deaf in his right ear.One day before getting on a train fourt een yr old Edison noticed a todler with his back turned to an oncoming train. Tom reacted quickly throwing himself and the toddler off the tracks in the nick of time. The three year olds soda pop trained Edison to operate a telagraph machine as a reward. By the age of sixteen Edison had mastered this skill and left home. He moved to capital of Massachusetts, nevertheless a year and a half after he started working there he was forced to quit because his employer accused him of not concentrating on his direct responsibilities, and doing to much moonlighting. Edison was moved to New York where he arrived practically broke.Three weeks after arriving in New York Edison had a job that paid much better than his Boston employer. The story goes that Edison who was broke and on the verge of starving came across a panicing broker. The broker was freaking out because an important stock ticker had broken. Edison tinkering paid off when he quickly fixed the ticker. The broker hired Edison on the spot as the companys repair man for $300.00 a month a very impresive amount in 1869.A year later Edison became a rich man when a company paid $40,000 for an improved stock ticker. Edison had expected no more than $5,000. aft(prenominal) getting his first check for that much money Edison was at a loss for what to do.

The Book of Enoch :: essays research papers

The Book of Enoch We first learn of Enoch in Genesis 5 but it leaves us with questions. Hebrews 11 has the answers and Jude quotes Enoch How did Jude come to know the words of Enoch? They are not in the Bible. The answer of course, is The Book of Enoch. A book which is actually quoted not only by Jude, but also James the natural brother of Jesus. The quote in (Jude 14-15) & (1 Enoch 19) is as follows "In the seventh (generation) from ecstasy Enoch also prophesied these things, saying Behold, the Lord came with his holy myriads, to execute judgment on all, and to convict all the ungodly of all their ungodly deeds which they have act in such an ungodly way, and of all the harsh things which ungodly sinners spoke against him." What is the Book of Enoch and where did it come from? Enoch was the grandad of Noah. The Book of Enoch chapter 681 "And after that my grandfather Enoch gave me all the secrets in the book and in the parables which had been given to him, and he pu t them together for me in the words of the book of the parables." This makes it possible for the Book to have survived the flood tide as its not too hard to accept that Noah would have taken his Great Grandfathers writings with him onto the ark. The Book of Enoch was extant centuries before the birth of Christ and to date is considered by many to be more Christian in its theology than Jewish. It was considered scripture by many early Christians. The earliest literature of the so-called " church service Fathers" is filled with references to this mysterious book. The early second century "Epistle of Barnabus" makes much use of the Book of Enoch. Second and Third Century "Church Fathers" like Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, Origin and mild of Alexandria all make use of the Book of Enoch. Tertullian (160-230 C.E) even called the Book of Enoch "Holy Scripture". The Ethiopic Church even added the Book of Enoch to its official canon. It was widely known and subscribe the first three centuries after Christ. This and many other books became discredited after the Council of Laodicea. And being under ban of the authorities, afterwards it gradually passed out of circulation. At approximately the time of the Protestant Reformation, there came to be a renewed interest in the Book of Enoch which had long since been lost to the modern world.

Attribution theory :: essays research papers

ATTRIBUTION THEORY OF FRITZ HEIDERIntroductionThis article starts off by a man having his wife serve on a jury in a federal case involving conspiracy, racketeering, drug dealing, armed robbery, and extortion. There were seven defendants and sensation that escaped from police custody. The key government witness was an ex-gang member named Larry who was called the Canary by the defendants because he turned informer. For two months Jean, the wife, listened to Larrys testimony and tried to write in code out whether his account of the incident was credible or not. A question in her mind was that whether his behavior on the stand was that of pathological liar, a rejected pal seeking revenge, a petty crook who would say anything to save his own skin, or and honest witness dedicated to the truth? All this fall into Fritz Heiders attribution theory saying that we all tend to rationalize in the same way. Fritz said that the theory of attribution is the wreak of drawing inferences. This wo uld be seeing a person act and warmly reaching a conclusion that goes beyond mere sensory information. Example Larry yawns while on the stand. Your immediate conclusive reaction would be is he bored, afraid, tired, or indifferent. In the article it says that Heider would see us as nave psychologist bringing common common sense to bear on an interpersonal judgment. It also says that we cant answer it to make these judgments. This is because we make personality judgments in order to explain otherwise enigmatic behavior.Heider says that theres another reason for making causal inferences from behavior. The reason is because we want to know what to expect in the future. He says prediction is a survival of the fittest skill. Example Jean comes face-to-face with one of the defendants, in her jury trail, outside a train station. Mildly anxious, she quickly turned aside. Accurate attributions can help us know which people might do us harm.The article also talks about attribution as bein g a three-step process through which we perceive others as causal agents. The three-step process talked about includes perception of the action (You saw it), judgment of intention (You/they meant to do that), and attribution of disposition (What you return of the action).AnalysisTo begin, in the case with Jean trying to figure out whether Larrys story was credible and how to categorize his behavior. In my opinion I would hypothesize him turning informer

Attribution theory :: essays research papers

ATTRIBUTION THEORY OF FRITZ HEIDERIntroductionThis obligate starts off by a man having his wife serve on a jury in a federal case involving conspiracy, racketeering, drug dealing, armed robbery, and extortion. There were seven defendants and one that escaped from police custody. The key government witness was an ex-gang member named Larry who was called the fink by the defendants because he turned informer. For two months Jean, the wife, listened to Larrys testimony and tried to figure unwrap whether his account of the incident was credible or not. A apparent motion in her mind was that whether his behavior on the stand was that of pathological liar, a rejected pal seeking revenge, a petty crook who would say anything to deliver his own skin, or and honest witness dedicated to the truth? All this falls into Fritz Heiders attribution theory saying that we all tend to apologise in the same way. Fritz said that the theory of attribution is the process of drawing inferences. This w ould be seeing a person act and immediately reaching a conclusion that goes beyond mere sensory information. Example Larry yawns while on the stand. Your immediate conclusive reaction would be is he bored, afraid, tired, or indifferent. In the article it says that Heider would see us as nave psychologist bringing common sense to bear on an interpersonal judgment. It also says that we cant serving it to make these judgments. This is because we make personality judgments in order to explain otherwise confusing behavior.Heider says that theres another savvy for making causal inferences from behavior. The reason is because we want to know what to expect in the future. He says prediction is a survival skill. Example Jean comes face-to-face with one of the defendants, in her jury trail, exterior a train station. Mildly anxious, she quickly turned aside. Accurate attributions can help us know which people might do us harm.The article also talks about attribution as being a three-step pr ocess through which we perceive others as causal agents. The three-step process talked about includes light of the action (You saw it), judgment of intention (You/they meant to do that), and attribution of disposition (What you think of the action).AnalysisTo begin, in the case with Jean trying to figure out whether Larrys story was credible and how to categorize his behavior. In my opinion I would think him turning informer

Analysis and Interpretation of Religion: Upanishads Essay

The concept behind Upanishads is the existence of a universal spirit known as Brahman, and an idiosyncratic soul known as Atman. Brahman is considered to be the final, in both the transcendent and immanent aspect, as well as the absolute infinite existence, the sum of money of everything that existed before, now, and the coming future. The Upanishads are very mystical in nature, and it likewise offers intense philosophical bent, which gave birth to three main schools of self-realization or Vedanta. One reading of the Upanishads doesnt give Brahman a God-figure in a monotheistic sense instead it is slightlything with no limiting characteristics.This is the one of the three main schools of Vedanta, the school of thought of Shankara known as advaita. Another one, the dvaita, was founded by Madvacharya, which holds the idea saying that Brahman is but a personal god, the same as other Hindu gods standardised Vishnu and Krishna. The third school, known as vishishtadvaita, was found ed by Ramanujacharya, which has similar aspects with the other two schools of Vedanta. Upanishad knowledge means Brahma-knowledge, giving not only spiritual vision, but also a philosophical argument (Universe).Upanishads are responsible for the conception of the major Vedic doctrines, including Self-realization, yoga and meditation, karma and reincarnation, which were previously clouded by the symbolisms of its sacred roots. We often see some of the older Upanishads very much related or affixed to a certain specific Veda, through a Brahmana or Aranyaka, though most of the novel ones are not. Upanishads also emphasized on the spiritual meanings of the Vedic texts that they also adhere to, emphasizing it at its own right. Upanishads and the Vedas go hand and hand in shaping both the spiritual and philosophical leanings of the people at that time.The concept of religion that comes out in the Upanishad represents a threat and a challenge to religious group developments in India as wel l as any kind of religion, based solely on theism. Its because of the direction that they give on their aboriginal figure, the Brahman, which is in some cases, taken as a god, while in some, a much more powerful entity. Upanishads Brahman does not really tension on a monotheistic god, instead it is a universal entity, something that can be attained or be aligned with ourselves by by rights doing the teachings or following the Vedas.Upanishads propose a similar concept of the soul, which is the Atman. The atman is present in all individuals, and that it still needs to be nourished in clubhouse for it to reach a certain desired state, the ultimate, universal Brahman. These two are similar in state, formless, inconceivable, though it is up to the people to realize it through favouritism that can be attained by doing and following the right things that it calls for, as stated on the Vedas.Putting these against the earlier and later religious developments, which undeniable focus on a central God character, distinct from the world we can see that Upanishads stand out because their ultimate end is being one with everything in the world. It is the main concept of the religion that then challenges the existence of the various Gods of the other religions. Still, it teaches people to do what is right, to practice things that would enable them to be at one with the ultimate end, the Brahman, but it offers people a chance to be at one with all that is, was, and ever will be, instead of being with a separate entity.Upanishads gives us an alternate view of the world, a religion with a unique take of what is real, and what is at the end for all of us. Much like other religions, it still focus on motivating to do the right things, in order to achieve one final end, though it may be different because it does not deem a concrete god-figure, instead it has a universal entity waiting in the end.Work CitedUniverse, Dharma. Upanishads. 2009. March 5 2009. .

Choose at least two social work theories; explain their main principles, advantages and disadvantages and apply them to the assessment, planning and intervention in one of the case studies provided below.

IntroductionRecognition of the importance of evidence and supposition-based practice in favorable plough has grown in recent years (Webb, 2001). Their importance in this cogitation of work should be encourage as early as possible. Students of favorable work should be encouraged to explore theories that post not only help them to better render and work with religious service spendrs but in addition help them to handle personal issues that whitethorn arise through the course of their work (Trotter and Leech, 2003). This essay will explore the advantages and disadvantages of three theories that be currently applied to hearty work practice and affair them in the assessment, planning and incumbrance of a case study. brformer(a)ly Learning Theory amicable skill hypothesis was first developed by Albert Bandura and colleagues (1961, 1963, 1977) later on they observed that tiddlerren had a strong tendency to imitate adult role models who exhibited either aggressive or non-a ggressive demeanor toward a life-sized doll cognize as Bobo. Further more, this imitation deportment was strengthened when the role model was the same sex as the child. Bandura et al. (1961, 1963) concluded that children learn behaviour through observing the behaviour of adults approximately them. Since these early studies, there make been numerous other papers realizeing genial learning system, especially in the arenas of crime, violence and aggression (Akers et al., 1979 Foshee, Bauman and Linder, 1999 Pratt et al., 2010). hearty learning surmisal is applicable to societal work be work it provides an easy to generalise system by which kind workers can understand the behaviour of service users. It is a system to which most people can relate and can provide a relatively easy basis on which to build suitable interventions. Neverthe slight, there were just about concerns about the methodology of the Bobo doll study. For subject, the study lacked ecological validity because the target of aggression was a toy and children may digest been far less likely to have imitated aggression toward some other person or an animal.AdvantagesA strength of fond learning theory is its high applic skill to real life. It is an easy to understand theory and the concepts are clear, and it can therefore be applied by most people in a wide range of situations. It has also been imbed to be successful in accounting for and explaining a wide range of behaviours including saturnalia drinking (Durkin, Wolfe and Clark, 2005), law misconduct (Chappell and Piquero, 2004) and even software piracy (Higgins, 2006). Therefore, another strength of social learning theory is that it can be tested empirically because it is possible to develop a study design that can set up whether or not soulfulnesss learn behaviour through observing others carry out that behaviour. Social learning theory is able to account for the great discrepancy of behaviour that individuals demonstrate and acknowledges that our reactions to different situations are likely to at least partly reflect the reactions displayed by significant others such as parents and friends.Disadvantages maven criticism of social learning theory is that it focuses too heavily on social aspects. Our social environments and the behaviour of our role models do assert some degree of influence on our own behaviour. Despite this, there are numerous other influences that can serve to influence our behaviour and the way that we react to our surroundings. These may include genetics as well as the role of reinforcement (Skinner, 1948, 1958), by which some behaviours are repeated because they produce a positive outcome whereas others are ceased because they cause a negative outcome. Social learning theory also fails to adequately account for cultural influences on an individuals learned behaviours. The theory also tends to downplay the cognitive workes of the child. It assumes that children will automatical ly copy any behaviour they have observed, without victorious into account that the child may use other cognitive information to make a decision as to whether the behaviour should be copied or not. In the Bobo doll study by Bandura and his colleagues, children imitated aggressively toward the toy, but would have been likely to have used knowledge about wrong or right had they observed role models being aggressive to another person or an animal. Nor does the theory give an adequate explanation as to how social learning interacts with development. The theory cannot explain at which point in a childs development social learning may compel more or less influential on their behaviour. A final criticism of social learning theory is that it cannot explain behaviour exhibit by children that they have not observed.Social Learning Theory Application to Case Study OneAssessmentAccording to the Community make out Act (1990), assessment by a social worker should be comprehensive, holistic, be needs led and include participation by both the service user and carer. Social learning theory can be applied to the assessment, planning and intervention for the family detailed in case study bingle in a number of different ways. The very early studies by Bandura and colleges applied social learning theory to aggression in particular. Case study bingle details that Jenny and Daves oldest child Sean exhibits aggressive behaviour at nursery. Assessment of this case apply social learning theory would understand Seans behaviour to be a mathematical product of his environment and in particular, of the rocky and argumentative relationship that his parents have. In a study investigating the role of social learning on subsequent alcohol use and self-regulatory behaviours, Patock-Peckham et al. (2001) found that the parenting style and behaviours of the parent who is the same sex as a child, is significantly related to that childs self-regulation skills, which are known to be protectiv e against alcohol use and abuse. This suggests that Sean is likely to adopt his fathers mal adjustive drinking behaviours through the process of social learning. The early studies by Bandura et al. (1961, 1963) also reflected this more powerful core of same sex models.The case study also details that Jenny was invited to consider a Mother and Toddler group but did not take the offer up. It also appears as though neither Jenny nor Dave have compound into their community and are not making the most of their social environment. Social learning theory can also be used to assess and understand the inharmonious relationship between Jenny and Dave, as the theory has been found to be useful in predicting intimate partner in crime violence (Sellers, Cochran and Branch, 2005).Planning and InterventionA suitable intervention based on social learning theory would include educating both Jenny and Dave on the impact that their behaviour is likely to have on their children. object in mind the finding that children tend to be more influenced by the behaviour of the parent of the same sex, Dave should be encouraged to model positive behaviours around Sean in particular and Jenny should be encouraged to attend the Mother and Toddler group with Sarah to join on the number of positive interactions and behaviours Sarah is exposed to around other mothers and female role models. Secondly, Jenny and Dave must be encouraged to widen their social interactions in found to foster more positive social experiences, which in return should have a positive impact on their behaviours. Although her mother lives some miles away, Jenny should be encouraged to maintain contact with her in swan maximise positive social interactions. It may also be advantageous to help Jenny and Dave explore how they may have learnt to deal with their marital problems using maladaptive behaviours such as verbal aggression, and to help them toward the realisation that although they may have observed significa nt others using these coping mechanisms, there are more adaptive techniques on hand(predicate) to them.Social troth TheorySocial conflict theory is based strongly on the philosophy of the famous communist Karl Marx and holds that inequality within society is the product of some individuals holding and actively defending a disproportionate share of societys resources. As a result, those without legion(predicate) resources are controlled by those with the king of beastss share. Therefore, social conflict theory sees society as greatly unequal and views social problems as the product of societys issues, not the issues of the individual. One of the most famous empirical demonstrations of social conflict theory was by Sherif et al. (1961). A group of boys unknown to each other were randomly assigned to one of two groups and attended a summer camp. In the initial phase of the experiment, the two groups did not know of the others existence and were encouraged to bond as individual grou ps. Once an element of competition was introduced, each group became fiercely protective of their own group and both prejudiced and discriminatory behaviour was observed. The study demonstrated that when two groups are put in contest with each other over resources this can trigger negative behaviours and attempts by competing groups to sabotage each other.Social conflict theory is applicable to social work because it captures the social injustices and inequalities that are often observed in this line of work. It can provide a modeling for understanding why some individuals find themselves in constant financial and economic struggles and gives the social worker a better understanding of how they may shift this and make a difference in peoples lives.AdvantagesUnlike many other theories, social conflict theory acknowledges the role of economics. This is especially useful for the field of social work because it avoids social workers from putting too much emphasis on the power held by the service user to make a change. It acknowledges that some elements cannot be controlled by the service user and may avoid frustration on behalf of the service user at the social worker not taking into that due to the social standing of the service user they will struggle to find employment opportunities that can change their financial situations.DisadvantagesSocial conflict theory is passably reductionist and does not account for the impact of individual thinking or behaviours. The theory sees individuals as a product of their socio-economic standing and cannot explain why many people from poor and deprived backgrounds go on to be successful and wealthy through hard work and determination, overcoming economic obstacles. There is empirical support for social conflict theory supporting its usefulness in aiding understanding of a number of different social constructs, including racial profiling by law-enforcement agencies (Petrocelli, Piquero and Smith, 2003). However, the theory is complex and is thus difficult to measure empirically. This is a key criticism of the theory because complexity adversely affects applicability in the real world.Social Conflict Theory Application to Case Study OneAssessmentJenny and Daves situation can be assessed in the context of social conflict theory. Living in a housing estate, they are likely to be considered as belonging to the lower or working class. As a result, conflict theory would argue that their financial difficulties are due to only owning or having access to a small share of societys resources. Daves employment status appears to be intermittent, which social conflict theory would argue is the result of opportunities being withheld from him by those higher up the economic ladder. The familys lack of resources are clearly having a knock-on effect on the marriage, with Daves spending of the house money on gambling and drinking being a common source of arguments.Social conflict theory can also be applied to understand internal as well as remote conflict. For example, high levels of parent-child conflict have been associated with child behavioural problems (El-Sheikh and Flanagan, 2001 El-Sheikh and Elmore-Stanton, 2004). Therefore, Seans aggressive behaviour at nursery could be a product of a perceived conflict between himself and his parents. Although Sean is young, his parents preoccupation with trying to take with their poor financial situation may be interpreted by Sean as a lack of attention. This could explain why he acts poorly at nursery.Planning and InterventionBearing the principles of conflict theory in mind, intervention should take the form of enabling the family to increase their resources and the opportunities available to them. Dave should be encouraged to join some government funded courses to increase his skills and employability status. The family should be made aware of the huge number charities that offer free and impartial advice on both debt and rent arrears. The familys social worker should be sensitive to their economic standing and take it into account when working with them.Psychoanalytic TheoryOriginally developed by the Austrian psychiatrist Sigmund Freud, psychoanalytic theory seeks to explain how external struggles can impact upon an individual or their family to such a degree that they become internalised (Bower, 2005). The theory focuses on uniting both the strengths of an individuals personality and available resources in order to optimise both their personal and interpersonal functioning (Hollis, 1977). Psychoanalytic theory can also be differentiated from other theories because of its comprehension of Freudian concepts such as the influence of unconscious mental processes and defence mechanisms (Brearley, 2007). One of the main principles of psychoanalytic theory is believing that our unconscious is largely prudent for our conscious actions, thought and feelings, and that awareness of these processes is rare (Greene and Uebel, 2008) Defence mechanisms can be either conscious or unconscious but are always deployed in order to help an individual avoid facing facts about themselves they perceive to be threatening (Jacobs, 2010). Contemporary psychoanalytic theory use in social work has tended to be based on egotism psychology (Corey, 2000 Greene and Uebel, 2008), which emphasises the impact of our environment and the role of the egos problem-solving capacity in maximising adaptive behaviour.Psychoanalytic theory is applicable to social work and the assessment of service users because it embraces the social work ideal of acknowledging that both individual differences and the environment can have a negative impact on the individual. It may also help social workers to cope with difficult to manage or difficult to understand behaviour by acknowledging that some processes are unconscious on behalf of the service user.AdvantagesUnlike conflict theory that focuses on economic influences and social learning theory that f ocuses on social influences, psychoanalytic theory is far less reductionist meaning that it can be applied to a wider range of situations and individuals. The theory is somewhat more holistic than both social learning and conflict theory because it emphasises the importance of both internal and external factors and the influence these have on an individuals ability to cope with everyday stresses. Indeed, early theorists argued that ego psychology in particular struck an advantageous balance between acknowledging both individual and situational factors (Hamilton, 1958 Wood, 1971).Psychoanalytical theory has been the root of many other useful and currently practised social work models, such as transactional analysis, group therapy and crisis intervention (Trevithick, 2012). Therefore, it has had positive real-world and social work applications.DisadvantagesPsychoanalytic theory can be hard to test empirically, meaning that scientific evidence for both its validity and its effectivenes s is lacking. However, it is not completely without evidence. For example, through data-based methods, Beebe and Lachmann (2002) found that in support of psychoanalytic theory, infants learn much about their own emotional lives through empathically fuelled caregiver interactions. Nevertheless, Fonagy (2003) has argued that psychoanalytic theory has recently become too fragmented to be supported empirically and this fragmentation makes it a difficult theory to apply in a clinical or social work setting. This highlights another issue with psychoanalytic theory in that it is a complex theory, which limits both its applicability and usefulness. Psychoanalytic theory is also considered to be preferably controversial, although it has come a long way since the overt sexual themes pioneered by Freud.Despite being a more holistic theory, it could be argued that psychoanalytic theory does not adequately acknowledge the role of social influences in how individuals cope with their everyday lif e stresses.Psychoanalytic Theory Application to Case Study OneAssessmentThere are a number of behaviours exhibited by Jenny and Dave that could be interpreted as defence mechanisms. Firstly, Dave both gambles and drinks, which causes friction between him and Jenny. Both of these behaviours could be interpreted as coping mechanisms that Dave uses to deal with the familys financial and economic worries. Dave has said that the only thing wrong with their marriage is the lack of intimacy since their youngest was born. However, from an outside perspective, this is clearly an example of denial and a defence mechanism that Dave is using to avoid facing up to reality. Jennys spending of the household income on mail order catalogues is also a likely example of a maladaptive coping mechanism because the family cannot afford to spend money on luxuries.Planning and InterventionThe helping of others through the use of psychoanalytic theory has been described as a corrective emotional experience, (Greene and Uebel, 2008, p. 64). Therefore, Jenny and Dave should be supported in developing adaptive emotional responses to the difficulties that their environment presents. They should be encouraged to externalise their financial troubles so that they do not control their emotions, which is likely to result in a continuation of negative behaviours, such as drinking, arguing and gambling.Psychoanalytic theory could be applied to this case study by helping Dave to optimise internal and more adaptive external forces to help him cope with the familys stresses rather than turning to maladaptive behaviours, such as drinking and gambling. Dave should be encouraged to face up to the reality of the familys situation and to explore ways in which he can cope in healthier ways. If Dave feels the need to escape now and again, he may be encouraged to take up a hobby or sport, which will give him time away from the family but avoid isolation.ConclusionJenny and Daves situation can be interprete d through the use of various theories. A holistic approach in which the most applicable elements of each theory are used to help the family improve their financial and emotional well-being is recommended.ReferencesAkers, R.L., Krohn, M.D., Lanza-Kaduce, L. and Radosevich, M. (1979) Social learning and deviant behaviour A specific test of a general theory. American Sociological Review, 44, pp. 636-655.Bandura, A., Ross, D. and Ross, S.A. (1961) Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models. The journal of deviate and Social Psychology, 63(3), pp. 575.Bandura, A., Ross, D. and Ross, S.A. (1963) Imitation of film-mediated aggressive models. The daybook of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66(1), pp. 3-11.Beebe, B. and Lachmann, F.M. (2002) Infant research and adult treatment Co-constructing interactions. Hillsdale, NJ The Analytic Press.Bower, M. (2005) Psychoanalytic Theory for Social Work Practice. Oxford, UK Routledge.Brearley, J. (2007) A Psychoanalytic approach to social work, in J. Lishman (ed.) Handbook of Theory for Practice Teachers, London, UK Jessica Kingsley.Chappell, A.T. and Piquero, A.R. (2004) Applying social learning theory to police misconduct. Deviant Behavior, 25(2), pp. 89-108.Corey, G. (2000) Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy. Monterey, CA Thomson Brooks Cole.Durkin, K.F., Wolfe, T.W. and Clark, G.A. (2005) College students and binge drinking An evaluation of social learning theory. Sociological Spectrum, 25(3), pp. 255-272.El-Sheikh, M. and Flanagan, E. (2001) Parental problem drinking and childrens adjustment Family conflict and parental depression as mediators and moderators of risk. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 29, pp. 417-432.El-Sheikh, M. and Elmore-Stanton, L. (2004) The link between marital conflict and child-adjustment Parent-child conflict and perceived attachments as mediators, potentiators, and mitigators of risk. Development and Psychopathology, 16, pp. 631-648.Fonagy, P. (2033) Som e complexities in the relationship of psychoanalytic theory to technique. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 72(1), pp. 13-47.Foshee, V.A., Bauman, K.E. and Linder, G.F. (1999) Family violence and the perpetration of adolescent dating violence Examining social learning and social control processes. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61(2), pp. 331-342.Greene, R.R. and Uebel, M. (2008) Classical psychoanalytic thought, present-day(a) developments, and clinical social work practice, in R.R. Greene (ed.) Human Behavior Theory and Social Work Practice, Edison, NJ Transaction Publishers.Hamilton, G. (1958) A theory of personality Freuds contribution to social work, in H.J. Parad (ed.) Ego, Psychology and Casework Theory, New York, NY Family Service of America.Higgins, E. (2006) Gender differences in software piracy The mediating roles of self-control theory and social learning theory. Journal of Economic Crime Management, 4(1), pp. 1-30.Hollis, F. (1977) Social casework the psychosocial approac h. Encyclopedia of Social Work. Washington National Association of Social Workers.Jacobs, M. (2010) Psychodynamic Counselling in Action. London, UK Sage.Patock-Peckham, J.A., Cheong, J., Balhorn, M.E. and Nagoshi, C.T. (2001) Social learning perspective A model of parenting styles, self-regulation, perceived drinking control, and alcohol use and problems. Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research, 25(9), pp. 1284-1292.Petrocelli, M., Piquero, A.R. and Smith, M.R. (2003) Conflict theory and racial profiling An empirical analysis of police traffic stop data. Journal of Criminal Justice, 31, pp. 1-11.Pratt, T.C., Cullen, F.T., Sellers, C.S., Winfree Jr., L.T., Madensen, T.D., Daigle, L.E., Fearn, N.E. and Gau, J.M. (2010) The empirical status of social learning theory A meta-analysis. Justice Quarterly, 27(6), pp. 765-802.Sellers, C.S., Cochran, J.K. and Branch, K.A. (2005) Social learning theory and partner violence. A research note. Deviant Behaviour, 26(4), pp. 379-395.Sherif, M ., Harvey, O.J., White, B.J., Hood, W.R. and Sherif, C.W. (1961) Intergroup conflict and cooperaton The Robbers Cave experiment (Vol.10). Norman, OK University Book Exchange.Skinner, B.F. (1948) Superstition in the pigeon. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38(2), pp. 168.Skinner, B.F. (1958) Reinforcement today. American Psychologist, 13(3), pp. 94.Trevithick, P. (2012) Social Work Skills and Knowledge A Practice Handbook. Maidenhead, UK Open University Press.Trotter, J. and Leech, N. (2003) Linking research, theory and practice in personal and professional development gender and sexuality issues in social work education. Social Work Education, 22(2), pp. 203-214.Webb, S.A. (2001) Some considerations on the validity of evidence-based practice in social work. British Journal of Social Work, 31, pp. 57-79.Wood, K.M. (1971) The contribution to psychoanalysis and ego psychology, in H.S. Strean (ed.) Social Casework Theory in Action, Metuchen, NJL Scarecrow.

Creative writing Belonging

His bony elbow protruded from beneath a thin brown mould of skin, its leathery texture coated with blistering sweat sparkled underneath the unmerciful sun as he leant against his cab. We exchanged glances and spoke in native tongues. As he spoke his skeletal fingers flick the sweat soaked hair from his eyes. Pointed towards the trunk and flung my Pravda luggage beneath the hood. He turned on the radio to a soft Vietnamese melody and headed towards my grandmothers home.I sat in the back, watched the passing sceneries In an alarm- conditioned cab as if they were a movie. I watched as the pale clouds enveloped the sky, engulfed the sun and swallowed my everyday worries. Below on the grassy paddocks kids aged around 6-7, with bent backs and lifted buttocks, worked for their daily meals, knees deep in muddy water, fingers groping pitifully against the melody sucking leeches. Their among la, straw hats, hung over their eyes, their dark pupils dilated and fingers numbed at each plunge th ey made Into the murky water.As the driver pulled over at a gas station, got come to the fore and headed towards one of the teenage rockers an old man limping with a twisted leg, held raffle tickets In one consider while the other hung mutilated and broken by his side. He begged and begged with a cracked voice choking on each word that sipped from his lips, Plea, please I beg of you. Leap me, MME poor. I have nothing. HIS elongated fingers slipped through the window and begged for money. I stared at his desperation In disbelief, and handed over 100,000 dung, five dollars Australian money.He bowed and bowed as he walked off, glancing back with thanks In his eyes. As he left, more and more beggars started to crowd the railroad car, In pure panic I rolled up my window and watched In disgust as they slammed and rocked the car begging for money. They were Like zombies In an apocalypse. I hate this. I hate this place. I held both custody over my ears, shut my eyes and started hummin g. The driver emerged from the crowd and made his way towards the front seat. We drove off leaving the Image of meagreness behind us. The driver turned and called out to me.HIS deep vibrant voice contrasted against his outward appearance, he tapped me and told me that we had arrived. The vivacious azure colored wall winked at me, welcoming me through the door. in that location grandmother stood with open arms, she brushed back my fringe and gave me a fond reassuring kiss that wiped away my Jet lag and provided me with the comfort that I missed. The warm embrace made me forget the want that was Just on the other side of the wall. It made me realism that even If I worried close the poverty that existed outside, I could do nothing to help It.And soon the worry had disappeared. Nothing but the lingering warmth remained. Grandmothers home. I sat in the back, watched the passing sceneries in an air- dilated and fingers numbed at each plunge they made into the murky water. As the work ers an old man limping with a twisted leg, held raffle tickets in one hand while you. Leap me, MME poor. I have nothing. His elongated fingers slipped through the window and begged for money. I stared at his desperation in disbelief, and he walked off, glancing back with thanks in his eyes.As he left, more and more gears started to crowd the car, in pure panic I rolled up my window and watched in disgust as they slammed and rocked the car begging for money. They were like zombies in an apocalypse. I hate this. I hate this place. Made his way towards the front seat. We drove off leaving the image of poverty behind us. The driver turned and called out to me. His deep vibrant voice contrasted other side of the wall. It made me realism that even if I worried about the poverty that existed outside, I could do nothing to help it. And soon the worry had disappeared.

Distracted driving Essay

Distracted driving force is exactly what it sounds like. Distracted driving is driving tour distracted. These distractions can range anywhere from eating to using a cadre call while driving- texting or calling, from loud music to having friends and family members in the cable car with you while you be driving. Al close to anything can be a distraction as long as it withstands your attention away from driving for anytime as short as five seconds. In fact, unrivaled study it said that eighty pct of all crashes and collisions and that at least sixty five percent of near crashes and collisions have to do with the driver being inattentive or distracted while behind the wheel. Three seconds may not seem like a very long at all, and it may not be but when you are behind the wheel of a both ton block of metal trey seconds can change everything. There is countless object lesson subsequently case ab unwrap drivers being distracted and getting into a fatal car accident. To drive sa fely on the road it takes one hundred percent of your abundant attention to what you are doing.There are many different kinds of distractions. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, or NHTSA, classifies the biggest and most common driver distractions into two categories and four subcategories. The two broad categories are distractions that happen inside the vehicle and distractions that happen outside the vehicle. Distractions that happen outside the vehicle are things like hoardings, especially if they have bright colors or just in general a distracting image, someone spinning or retentiveness a sign to lure business for their shop or car wash, animals such as birds, or anything that could possibly be happening in the outside world. Then comes the four subcategories of the primary(prenominal) category of distractions that happen inside the car. These four subcategories are cognitive distractions, visual distractions, auditory distractions, and biomechanical distra ctions.Cognitive distractions have to do with any kind of mental distraction. This could be anywhere from day dreaming to talking on a cell phone while driving, since your attention is not fully on driving and what you are doing. Having a conversation with someone else is another example of a cognitive distraction, whether it is with someone who is in the car with you at the moment or a phone call. A visual distraction is something thatcauses you to take your eyes hit the road. This could be a billboard or a flashing light or level(p) another accident. You would think with people and government trying to cut down on car accidents there would be more restrictions on billboards and people holding and spinning signs on the side off the road to try and attract drivers into their businesses.However, I am also not exactly an expert on billboard laws on street side laws, as far as I could know these people and billboards could be breaking the law. Auditory distractions are any distractio ns caused by a sound. Having a conversation with someone who is either in the car with you or talking to them on the cell phone could also be classify as an auditory distraction since having a conversation creates sound. Another common auditory distraction is loud music. When you have your music on too forte in the car you are impairing your ability to hear other cars honking at you or an emergency vehicles siren signaling you to move out of the way. Both of these things could cause serious issues. An auditory distraction could even be listening to the directions given by a fellow passenger or a GPS. The last of the four subcategories of distractions that happen inside the car is a biomechanical distraction. A biomechanical distraction is defined as any mechanical act not specifically related to driving that the driver does. This could be as simple as a push of button or the changing of a radio station.This goes to immortalize that simple things that you would not think would cau se an accident or be an issue while driving can in fact cause an accident. many an(prenominal) of these driving accidents are fatal or leave the driver and the other passengers in the car seriously injured. Just last night, Thursday the seventeenth of July, my set about himself was in a car accident as a result of distracted driving. He was driving down a road where there was a bad accident on the other side, emergency vehicles such as fire trucks and ambulances were everywhere. His lane was pretty clear and moving however the car in front of him abruptly slammed and their brakes and stopped in the middle of the lane. My father did not have to react fully and when he slammed on his brakes his car was not able to come to a complete stop and ended up ramming into the car that stopped in front him. This car stopped to take a look at the accident that was the other side of the road which is just plain ironic since they ended up causing an accident of their own. fortunately in the acc ident my father was involved in both parties involved turned out okay andvirtually unharmed.However, my fathers car is most likely totaled although we will not know for certain until we take it in to be checked. When people are in accidents due to distracted driving not everybody is so lucky, many distracted driving accidents are fatal. Another personal real life example of distracted driving causing a serious injury is what happened to my cousin when he was in high school. The football team, which he was a part of, was driving home one night after an away game in the rain. The driver of the bus was already at a higher risk of getting in an accident since it was raining at night while he was driving a car full of people. The bus driver got distracted for a split second and the bus swerved off the slippery road into a nearby ditch.My cousin, Brian, ended up being deactivate from the waist down and hasnt been able to walk since this accident happened twenty odd years ago. However, h e did not let this accident ruin his life. He decided he wanted to help other people that were paralyzed or in similar situations to him. He is now a surgeon and does lots of stem cell research. He is also happily married with three kids. Both of these accidents did not end in fatality, but there are accidents caused by being distracted that end in death every day. It is one of the biggest causes of all accidents to this date. Keep this in mind when you are driving down the road. Everything can wait when it is your life that is on the line.

Life at Dhaba Essay

Life at Dhaba(local restaurant) Shisha(water pipe). For my ethnography I chose to study the life story at restaurant popularly known for its sheesha (water pipe). It is located near my building at clifton which is quite vissable from my gallery as the restaurant is in open air. The main focus of this ethnography is to compare the norm (expected patterns of behavior) of pot who come to smoke.The restaurant is more popularly known as dhaba (local restaurant) which serves local cuisine cowardly karahi, mutton, parathas, all varieties of heavily spiced pulses and tea it is provided to meet the every food necessities of the people. Dhaba is open 24 hours a day and shishas are served aft(prenominal) 6pm. devil three kids and untested boys wearing torn kurtas functioned as waiters and cleaners and kept the place in order.Tables and chairs are placed in an open environment dapple on the corner a long table with fancy water pipes and around 30 different flavored tobacco packets plac ed on it. My thoughtfulness for this state spanned over a twelve day period. Four of these days I started my comment in morning and continued till evening, while otherwise eightsome days I observed at night. The first things that I took note were the different jobs and the special tasks that the employees are expected to carry out.There are numerous jobs including four cooks for B-B-Q, tea, tandoor (is used for cooking and backing) and cook for other dishes such as Karahi, pulses, etc. Two persons run the water pipe counter one serves and the other makes it with loose flavored tobacco. Three to four dish washers are also present. I observed people of different ages at dhaba teens and young manly were usually collected in groups while aged male were mostly sitting alone. Waterpipe was usually ordered by teens and young males, no aged person was observed fume water pipe they usually ordered tea or meal.While watching groups of people smoking water pipe one thing commons in e very group was playing card, poker (a card game played by two or more persons, in which the players bet on the value of their hands, the winner taking the pool) was usually played as poker chips were observed on most of the tables playing card. Continuous join prevailed around calling waiters by their name to either place their orders or make seating arrangements and different group of boys were yelling enjoying their game and water pipe. antithetical flavors (apple, mint, watermelon, strawberry etc) of water pipe were being ordered and the common thing I noticed among all ages of people was cigarette smoking even the teens were relate in cigarette smoking may be due to peer pressure. Mostly people came to enjoy the open air and smoke (as shisha is addictive and contains stimulant nicotine which makes person relax). Tea and paratha was the most ordered item as I could see waiters wearing torn kurtas carrying tray with five to six cups or so to every table.After 8pm many people c ome to aim their dinner as the dhaba serves almost all local dishes at a reasonable rate. My observation at night lasted eight days, one thing strange that I observed these eight days was that a guard mobile came usually after 10 pm with three to four policemen in supply to have their dinner and tea and, leave without manufactureing, questioning the waiter I came to know that police had threatened to empty the open space occupied by the dhaba so the owner of the dhaba had to compromise. Beggars move from table to table begging some people pay them money and some order food for them.The other four day my observation started from morning to evening, the first thing that I noted were few people at morning compared to night as the only thing available in morning were tea, paratha and egg(half fry and omelet). Water pipes were not served in morning, people came to have their breakfast and enjoy the morning sunrise. Between 11 am to 2pm dhaba is usually empty and the cooks prepare di shes between these hours because after 2 pm there is a sudden rush of people at dhaba due to office breaks.People from different offices come to have their lunch most of them are from Pakistan state embrocate head office (PSO) as it is at a walking distance from dhaba. Third morning I observed group of eight teens in uniform bunking from school at dhaba were having breakfast after which they forced the waiter to make them a shisha and the waiter agreed , they smoked for almost two hours and left giving waiter a huge tip. The waiters serving there have inborn quality of serving their customers. They have not passed through any waiter workshop or hotel management courses still respond the best under intense pressure.The customers in these tea points cross the entire limit and even revilement the waiters for the quick delivery of their orders. The waiters however in retaliation remain calm and kind to their customers with a genuine smile on their face. The last day of my observation I interviewed a waiter named Rabnawaz, I asked him to state the difference between the orders of different age people visiting dhaba, he replied mostly young males and teenagers in group of 3 or more order shisha, tea and parathas.If the shisha is not available we only earn 40% as compared to the days when shisha is available while aged people usually order dishes karahi, pulses etc with tandoor roti. In conclusion I have found that Water pipe smoking is gaining popularity among the young generation, school and college students and it is easily available in the restaurants, hotels. Mostly people visit dhaba to taste the flavors of local dish with enjoying in an open air and young male visit to enjoy with their friends in gathering relaxing in an open environment playing cards and smoking water pipe.

College Athletes Should be paid Essay

Today, passe-partout versions ar no extended just fun and games a homogeneous they used to be, they be a business. And college sports are the same. High-level college sports volunteer a majority of a universities income. From ticket sales to video contracts, universities are do millions from their sports. And musical composition this is every(prenominal) happening, the athletes are receiving a scholarship and little to a greater extent. Although a full ride to college whitethorn be nothing to speak out about when the situation is more(prenominal) closely examined it is realized that for somewhatwhat athletes, that isnt enough. If universities are making millions of dollar bills off of their superstars jersey, then he should be entitled to some of those earnings. That notes is rightfully his or hers and college athletes deserve the currency that they earn through their hard work and loyalty just as the professionals do. College athletes necessity to be paid becaus e the universities are using their talent for specie opportunities, for some athletes the pros isnt guaranteed, and an scathe on a sport scholarship could set some up for failure.The biggest controversy with either the revenue The NCAA is a multi- zillion dollar industry that generated over $845 billion last year due to their players ability to entertain and fare to their fullest extent at every times.(Sonny)College Athletes Should Be PaidToday, professional sports are no longer just fun and games like they used to be, they are a business. And college sports are the same. High-level college sports provide a majority of a universities income. From ticket sales to television contracts, universities are making millions from their sports. And era this is altogether happening, the athletes are receiving a scholarship and little more. Although a full ride to college may be nothing to complain about when the situation is more closely examined it is realized that for some athletes, that isnt enough. If universities are making millions of dollars off of their superstars jersey, then he should be entitled to some of those earnings. That money is rightfully his or hersand college athletes deserve the money that they earn through their hard work and dedication just as the professionals do. College athletes need to be paid because the universities are using their talent for money opportunities, for some athletes the pros isnt guaranteed, and an injury on a sport scholarship could set some up for failure.The biggest controversy with all the revenue The NCAA is a multi-billion dollar industry that generated over $845 billion last year due to their players ability to entertain and perform to their fullest extent at all times.(Sonny)College Athletes Should Be PaidToday, professional sports are no longer just fun and games like they used to be, they are a business. And college sports are the same. High-level college sports provide a majority of a universities income. Fr om ticket sales to television contracts, universities are making millions from their sports. And while this is all happening, the athletes are receiving a scholarship and little more. Although a full ride to college may be nothing to complain about when the situation is more closely examined it is realized that for some athletes, that isnt enough. If universities are making millions of dollars off of their superstars jersey, then he should be entitled to some of those earnings. That money is rightfully his or hers and college athletes deserve the money that they earn through their hard work and dedication just as the professionals do. College athletes need to be paid because the universities are using their talent for money opportunities, for some athletes the pros isnt guaranteed, and an injury on a sport scholarship could set some up for failure.The biggest controversy with all the revenue The NCAA is a multi-billion dollar industry that generated over $845 billion last year due t o their players ability to entertain and perform to their fullest extent at all times.(Sonny) College Athletes Should Be PaidToday, professional sports are no longer just fun and games like they usedto be, they are a business. And college sports are the same. High-level college sports provide a majority of a universities income. From ticket sales to television contracts, universities are making millions from their sports. And while this is all happening, the athletes are receiving a scholarship and little more. Although a full ride to college may be nothing to complain about when the situation is more closely examined it is realized that for some athletes, that isnt enough. If universities are making millions of dollars off of their superstars jersey, then he should be entitled to some of those earnings. That money is rightfully his or hers and college athletes deserve the money that they earn through their hard work and dedication just as the professionals do. College athletes need to be paid because the universities are using their talent for money opportunities, for some athletes the pros isnt guaranteed, and an injury on a sport scholarship could set some up for failure.The biggest controversy with all the revenue The NCAA is a multi-billion dollar industry that generated over $845 billion last year due to their players ability to entertain and perform to their fullest extent at all times.(Sonny) College Athletes Should Be PaidToday, professional sports are no longer just fun and games like they used to be, they are a business. And college sports are the same. High-level college sports provide a majority of a universities income. From ticket sales to television contracts, universities are making millions from their sports. And while this is all happening, the athletes are receiving a scholarship and little more. Although a full ride to college may be nothing to complain about when the situation is more closely examined it is realized that for some athletes , that isnt enough. If universities are making millions of dollars off of their superstars jersey, then he should be entitled to some of those earnings. That money is rightfully his or hers and college athletes deserve the money that they earn through their hard work and dedication just as the professionals do. College athletes need to be paid because the universities are using their talent for money opportunities, for some athletes the pros isnt guaranteed, and an injury on a sport scholarship could set some up for failure.The biggest controversy with all the revenue The NCAA is a multi-billion dollar industry that generated over $845 billion last year due to their players ability to entertain and perform to their fullest extent at all times.(Sonny) College Athletes Should Be PaidToday, professional sports are no longer just fun and games like they used to be, they are a business. And college sports are the same. High-level college sports provide a majority of a universities income . From ticket sales to television contracts, universities are making millions from their sports. And while this is all happening, the athletes are receiving a scholarship and little more. Although a full ride to college may be nothing to complain about when the situation is more closely examined it is realized that for some athletes, that isnt enough. If universities are making millions of dollars off of their superstars jersey, then he should be entitled to some of those earnings. That money is rightfully his or hers and college athletes deserve the money that they earn through their hard work and dedication just as the professionals do. College athletes need to be paid because the universities are using their talent for money opportunities, for some athletes the pros isnt guaranteed, and an injury on a sport scholarship could set some up for failure.The biggest controversy with all the revenue The NCAA is a multi-billion dollar industry that generated over $845 billion last year d ue to their players ability to entertain and perform to their fullest extent at all times.(Sonny)

On September 11th 2001 the world was forever changed Essay

On September 11th 2001 the world was forever changed. The dread(a) tear downts, which occurred at the World Trade Centers in newfound York, the Pentagon in Washington and on Flight 93, which crashed in Pennsylvania, have forever altered the way Americans view their safety. Every household in the U.S. tuned in to the countersign on TV, radio, or Internet to see how the world was being twisted in front of their eyes. These events dramatic every last(predicate)y proved that the United States, the greatest nation in the world, was no longer safe from outside threats..The stock market crash of 1929, which led to the depression, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, and the terrorist attacks of September 11th were all unexpected events that no one could have predicted but had such dramatic effects that they can never be forgotten. All three events seem to be categorized together for a few simple reasons. To the average American citizen these horrendous events were unforeseen, but noted h istorians would beg to differ. They believe in such instances as Pearl Harbor, The stock market crash of 1929, and September 11th, that the politics and many another(prenominal) political figures were forewarned.If they had posen their admonitions more seriously and acted upon them, historians believe that they could have at to the lowest degree made the consequent effects minimal. There were several proceedings that should have elicited American retaliation. It is said that Bin laden himself declared war on America in 1996. In the early 90s, The World Trade Center was car bombed, and Osama Bin Laden was the primary suspect for this assault. Even subsequently that incident no one saw Bin laden as a serious threat and didnt think his dangerous ways could hazard our countries well being as a whole.After the attack of September 11th it seems the unification of the American batch became so strong its about indissoluble. Our previously fragile society became a link so strong we b elieve it cant be touched by the outside perils of the world. The cut in Nationalism came about in a wave of red white and blue colors. It seemed every face in America was painted with the stars and banding of our grand old flag.Our countries banner was right off the latest fashion closets were overflowing with the celebrated colors of our patriotic nation. Every news station put American flags on their lapels, and waving red, white and blue graphics were put on most channels. Many well-known Hollywood figures and successful businesses put together charities benefiting the victims and families bear upon by September 11. September 11 mended our nations pride and restored our dignity. Such a strong sense of nationalism can easily be compared to that of the fall of the Berlin protect in 1989, when East and West Germany celebrated their reunion as one, after being isolated for so long.Subsequent to September 11, the United States faced many abrupt transformations as far as pastimes , lifestyles, and entertainment goes. There were a few noticeable differences from the changes following WWII, to those of September 11th. For example, Baseball, the great American pastime was brought to a standstill after September 11, where as Roosevelt motivated people to go to baseball games, and had baseball play a part in the healing of the country. other difference from 9-11 was that after Pearl Harbor, and the crash of 1929, there were severe cut backs and limitations on how much of certain commodities, such as gasoline and sugar, the average American could use. The difference now is that we are currently at war with the oil capitals of the world. The gas prices are booming and dont appear to be advent down any time soon however, this does not stop the typical egotistic American from buying a brand new fuel down SUV.Racism is another topic that has been significantly affected by September 11th .In WWII we knew who the enemy was, it was strictly the Japanese and Germans, h owever, now its a reefer the tail on the donkey1 mentality. After Pearl Harbor many Japanese men were put into internment camps to be interrogated for information and unplowed there, that did not happen after 9-11 however, many Arabs were questioned and racial profiling became a major issue. There was also a great deal of hate crimes aimed at the Arab race and people who had the visual characteristics of the middle-eastern inhabitants. The U.S. was unsure of which persons were solely responsible for the crimes, therefore no individual has the right to go pointing their fingers at any particular group, only if the stereotyping and profiling still persists..Exactly one year after Pearl Harbor the stock market had climbed up to almost where it was before (within 10%) now we are suffering a recession because of 9-11.Another fact is that before Pearl Harbor, the country was just coming out the depression and wasnt even fully out. The war effort boosted production. 9-11 happened right w hen the US was at its prime in the economy and the attack destroyed industry and commercial enterprises. Also the government suspended a monopoly trial against GE so that it would not hurt the war effort. After 9-11 the government focused on companies such as Enron and WorldCom.observably there are numerous features of September 11th that could be considered. However, It would be virtually impossible to cover all the aspects and phases of such an important date. September 11th, 2001 was a horribly significant date in not only American history but in world history as well. It brought back horrific memories of such instances as The Bombing of Pearl harbor and can even be compared to the hardships and struggles of The Stock Market Crash of 1929. As a result, the American people came together as one in a battle we like to call the war on terrorism 2.It is obvious this war may be infinite but it is worth the struggle, just knowing, in the future we may perhaps avoid such devastating even ts. As James Baldwin once wrote A country is only as strong as the people who make it up and the country turns into what the people want it to becomewe made the world were living in and we have to make it over. 3 I think we should all recollect on the events step by step of September 11th, and take into mind, the advice that Baldwin has given us. Someday our country can completely overcome all of its vulnerability and end any chances of a date like this form reoccurring.Bibliographywww.time.com/ biography/911www.encarta.com/911www.bostonherald.com/911/mediawww.bostonherald.com/911/racewww.american-history.com/history/september11.mgiwww.alternet.org/story.htmlENDNOTES1. Lauren mills, a noted historian currently attending B.H.S. September 15th 2002.2. George W. Bush Jr., AlterNet One Year Later Unintended Consequences of 9/11 and the war on terrorism. War against Iraq pg 33. James Baldwin, AlterNet Before and After Septemeber11 True courage pg. 5

Cheating and Lying Can Sometimes Be Helpful

cheater is a combination of be and stealing. When you cheat, you are misleading others in wizard way or a nonher, and thats lying. Often, tare also involves taking information or ideas that real belong to to someone else. A basic definition of lying, according to the Catechism of the Catholic Church, is speaking falsehood with the intention of deceiving. thithers also a second type of lying. When you hold back information that you know is needed for another person to get a true picture of the situation, you are also intentionally deceiving.Cheating and lying sometimes can be helpful hmm maybe Cheating and lying in the approximately of the cases are crowing thing, it isnt good to lye someone, before that we should think how we would feel if someone lies us. And with the cheating, the same. But when you do some need you dont think about the others. Cheating on test -one of the things that everyone do it at least once. We all want good grades and we dont see as bad thing the c heating on test. Cheating in relationship- thats bad, that is bad feeling and its not helpful.There are many kinds of cheating and for everyone there is at least one way of cheating that is helpful. Lying- lying to your parents, maybe sometimes helpful, but bad if they found out lying to your friends if they are really your best friends you dont have to lie them. Lying is always for some benefit, for own benefit, or for someone other and when that help us to get something or to avoid something we think that is helpful. But the lying and the cheating arent things we should proud with them and use very often.

Statistics and Psychology

There are numerous applications of statistical reasoning and seek methods in the theme of psychology. From simple aspects of reading and interpreting psychology articles, to completing personal research, statistics is a necessary concept to understand. The scientific method is essential to research, and many of the concepts cross the lines into statistics. It is in like manner imperative for us to compare and contrast the characteristics of main(a) and secondary data. Ultimately, the focus of these topics centers on the application of statistical reasoning in psychology.Statistics in Psychology one(a) might ask themselves how mathematical concepts could possibly apply to psychology. The answer is simpler than many imagine, all one has to do is focus on the explanation. Reading psychology research articles is a mutual occurrence for anyone in the field. Without the magnate to understand the jargon, t subjects, graphs, and other aspects at the heart of statistics, one is unable to truly process the findings of research (Aron, Aron, & Coups, 2009). enquiry is an iatrical part to nearly every field of psychology, but especially those who seek to answer questions and gain perspicacity to problems.Most fields of psychology including counseling and clinical focuses- require answers to questions (Aron, Aron, & Coups, 2009). Answering questions requires approximately form of research, which uses statistics on some level. To answer many of these questions, research is do with some application of the scientific method. Research and the Scientific method When searching for the answer to a problem, most go about it in an orderly way. The research done in the scientific method is simple application of systematic and logical steps to problem solve (Cowens, 2006).Using the five-step process allows researchers to examine any inquiry. The Five-Step Approach The first step is to determine a problem to solve, or make an observation (Cowens, 2006). This can be a simple question or a more complex desire to understand how or why something works. For instance, a psychologist seeks to understand why certain tendency triggers rage in a patient. Step two is to determine a possible action (Cowens, 2006). A hypothesis is usually a speculation or idea about how or why something happens. This step seeks to send for the outcome or reasoning of the problem.The psychologist whitethorn form the hypothesis that the determination triggers rage because the patient associates the object with past trauma. Now it is time to test the hypothesis. Experimentation and research enters the picture for this step (Cowens, 2006). To test the hypothesis, the psychologist may use sessions or questions as research. They may also try other objects, or use hypnosis to recant the trauma. Recording the observations is an essential step in the scientific method (Cowens, 2006). All observations are important, and frequency tables, graphs, and charts search the statistical app lication of the scientific method.In addition to these, psychologists may use notes to explore the reasoning. The final step is tipple a conclusion (Cowens, 2006). The purpose of this step is the interpretation of the findings. The results may either support the hypothesis, or exalt bracing questions to explore. The psychologist may find no past trauma, and determine that all purple objects trigger two rage and dread. They then will seek a new hypothesis to begin a new search for answers. Primary and lower-ranking Data In any aspect of research, it is imperative to consider the grimness of results.Primary data is described as data observed or collected directly from first-hand experience (Triola, 2010). Secondary data is published data, or data collected by others (Triola, 2010). Primary data is preferred in research because the knowledge is obtained first-hand, where secondary relies on the observations of others. For instance, more accurate results in a weight examine will come from the direct weighing of the patients than asking them their weight. Statistics in Research Psychologists use univariate principles when they measure only one variable and multivariate procedure when using variables to ascertain relationships (Chow, 2002).Psychologists very much use statistics to identify areas of research interest. In testing a hypothesis, many researchers need to turn questions into testable numerical data. One of the most common statistics applications is the testing of the null hypothesis. The null hypothesis involves the original claim like 50 out of one C patients see success in regression techniques to overcome phobias- and turning it into a mathematical claim ( = 50). The alternating(a) hypothesis represents the difference of a claim, or the probability that it is untrue because the test statistic is outside the given couch ( ? 50).These claims are tested, and if it is found that less than 50 patients saw success with regression techniques, the n researchers are able to use statistical reasoning to disprove the statement. Overall, statistical reasoning is extremely important in the interpretation of research results obtained through the scientific method. Personal Application The concepts discussed throughout this paper prevail focused on many answers this author hopes to find in her professional life, and has pursued in her personal life. The author cited the standard of rage and fear caused by purple, because her nine-year-old sister suffers problems with this concept.After many trials, tests, and visits to therapy, we were able to determine that she associated the color with Barney the dinosaur, and she cross-associated Barney with a fear of dinosaurs coming back to life in an old movie. Although a simple study, it had great impact on this authors life, and her future pursuit of psychology. Conclusion Statistical reasoning in psychology may seem like a contradiction to many. However, any pursuit of answers requires re search which employs the scientific method and statistics. We have determined primary data to be more beneficial and reliable than secondary data.We have also applied the concept of hypotheses to statistics and basic research. In conclusion, even simple understanding in psychology is often related to statistical reasoning. ?References Aron, A. , Aron, E. N. , & Coups, E. J. (2009). Statistics for psychology (5th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson/Prentice Hall Chow, S. L. (2002). Statistics and its role in psychological research. Methods in Psychological Research. Retrieved October 3, 2010 from ProQuest database. Cowens, J. (2006, August/September). The scientific method. Teaching PreK-8. (37)1. 42. Triola, M. F. (2010). Elementary Statistics. (11th Ed. ). Boston, MA Pearson.

Atlantic Computer: a Bundle of Pricing Options

eluding Write-Up 5, 2011-11-14 Case 6. Atlantic reckoner Group 11 2010123281 Lim, Min A 2010123380 Lee, Yoon Ji 2010101026 Na, Hyeon Jung 2010123031 Park, Jae Eon ?. Executive succinct At the present, with the growth of the Internet, the sanctioned master of ceremonies commercialise is growing rapidly and the Atlantic computer, which is aimed at producing the risque process server, is ready to sell the gougeonic server. It launches the Tronn loaded with PESA. PESA, the software increases the speed of file sharing and nett servers, two of the most used application for the consumers, so it should be sold with the Tronn, the hardware.At first year, if we assume that the incorruptible will be able to sell all of the Tronn servers it can produce, Atlantics resulting overlap of the rudimentary server subdivision will be 4%. We suggest that possibility as our design to pursue. exclusively the basic commercialise is already full with the competitor, Ontario with the Zink an d the company has a tendency to stick to the traditional trade approach. To overcome these impediments, we suggest to set the price based on the calculation of cost-based pricing and to abandon the schoolmaster direct marketing methods and accept the indirect ways like online-marketing and the advertisement through diverse media. . paradox Analysis (Goal & Impediments) Goal As new-comer of the basic server market, Atlantics computer begins from the scratch. If Atlantics computer can sell all of its product, the Tronn, it can occupy 4% in basic server market. But the thing is, it is a ground stone to enlarge the market share in the unyielding run, so it would better not to harm the revenue to reach that figure. The targeted consumers is people who take demand for basic server, especially who are interested in one application, especially either of file sharing and sack up servers, and who seeks the way to inimize the initial purchase costs and subsequent possession costs. Impedi ments We carry two main impediments for our goal, untouchable competitor and Atlantic computers traditional marketing outline. Our strong competitor, Ontario, has already half of the market share in basic server segment. Also their product Zink has similar spec with Tronn. So we have to compete with Zink in price or innovative supply chain strategy. It is hard to appeal to consumers that we have not technological superiority yet fall behind Zink in market share in truth much. Another main impediment is Atlantic Computers existing traditional marketing strategy.Atlantic Computer already won success in high performance segment, so many people in the company tend to think that its just right to apply existing marketing strategy to basic segment. Atlantics computer is interested in do intimate relationship with customers and maintaining its post-sales tending service level in high performance segment. But situation in basic segment and high performance segment is different, we hav e to apply different marketing strategy each other. As mentioned above, there is specific situation where Zink and Tronn is very similar in technological aspect.Therefore, there should be whatsoever unique marketing strategy in basic segment. ?. Solution Analysis Solution To boost market share in basic segment, Atlantic Company should develop proper the pricing strategy. The company should count on four strategies status-quo pricing, competition-based pricing, cost-based pricing and value-based pricing. ? Status-quo pricing cost of horde only and PESA for free Price of one Tronn boniface = $2000 2 Tronn Servers + PESA software free = 2*2000 = $4000 Total Price of 2 Atlantic hoards to Daytradejournal. com = $4000 Price of 1 Atlantic Bundle = $2000 ? Competition-based pricing set the Tronn servers based on price of competitor server (Zink by Ontario) and PESA for free. Since 2 Tronn Server with PESA software is equivalent to 4 Zink servers Price of one Zink Server = $1700 / 2 Tro nn Servers + PESA software free=4*1700= $6800 Total Price of 2 Atlantic Bundles = $6800 Price of 1 Atlantic Bundle = $3400 ? follow-based pricing (figure1, figure2) Cost incurred in PESA software development = $2000000 / Cost of Tronn Server = $1538 Price of 1 Atlantic Bundle = $ 2245 ?Value-based Pricing (figure3) Considering 4 Zink server is equivalent to 2 Tronn server and 2 PESA software. Price of 1 Atlantic Bundle = $ 4200Above diagram, we can know that fourth pricing strategy get high simoleons, but price is alike high. If price is too high, customers are reluctant to buy Atlantic Bundle, and this harms the market share. So, the company should avoid to look at Value-based pricing and Competition-based pricing. Status-quo pricing could be an effective way for increasing market share because of its cheap price, but it will not give benefit in the long-run. Cost-based pricing is the best choice for Atlantic Company, because its subside price makes company get high market sha re in the beginning and moderate profit for first year.There could be an argument that status-quo pricing is more appropriate way to reach our goal of comer the 4% of the market share in basic server field. But as mentioned above our goal is a ground stone to grow in the long run, it is better to choose the price making more profit with similar figure market share basis. Moreover to boost market share in basic segment the company should use indirect view marketing. In high performance server market, it was efficient to use expensive direct marketing to the giant and few consumers. But it is non-matching to basic segment where the company should put its great effort to lower the price.So the company should use the indirect and comparatively cheaper way to connect with the smaller and much consumers of the basic server market. The Atlantics computer can use online-marketing like its competitor, Ontario, or it can use mass market advertising through mass media. It could affect to mor e consumers easily. Although this method the product could affect each consumer less, the total quantity of influence on the targeted consumers should increase assuming the number of the customers in this market, figure 1 figure 2 figure 3

Prenatal and Postpartum Scenario Essay

The following is a insouciant activity list for the 6 month developmental pregnancy timeline, this consist of three activities if d champion casual can have a positive effect on your pregnancy and your infants emerging development. What a screw up looks like and how it acts, to an extent are determined by nature or heredity. provided nurture or a childs environment alone play a federal agency in whom they will become. thither are many activities a pregnant mom can do to influence her babys environment in a positive manner.Daily exercise passim the duration of a normal uncomplicated pregnancy can prepare your body for the physical demands of labor, and patron to reduce infant stress levels during delivery. According to Strength and Conditioning Journal exercising during pregnancy decreases lineage pressure, improves self-esteem, and decreases muscle soreness. Research also shows positive fetal responses to periodic exercise by improving the babys tolerance to stress before and during labor, babies also tend to be more alert and pronto self quieted. (Martens, 2006) A daily exercise goal of walking, swimming or yoga for 20-30 minutes should be set. quash secondhand smoke, living in a smoky environment is tied to asthma and breathing problems.(Simons, 2014) There have also been recent studies linking smoking while pregnant to increase risk of SID. (Simons, 2014) Ifyou smoke or live with someone who does smoke there are smoking cessation programs to assistance you quit.Depressive symptoms occur in approximately 20% of pregnant women. Maternal health is the key to developing infants health. big(predicate) women who are depressed have poor sleep habits, decreased appetite these things could result in preterm-birth or low birth weight. More than 13% of women take antidepressants during pregnancy, but by doing this it could have a long-lived impact on the developing fetus including birth defects, behavioural problems, and autism.(Tjoa, 2010) More and more physicians and pregnant moms are looking toward non-pharmaceutical ways to treat depression during pregnancy. If you have depression you may seek cognitive behavioral therapy to reduce your symptoms.Postpartum WomanMEMOTo Postpartum WomanFrom Mindy DonaldsonDate April 17, 2015Re Daily action mechanism ListThe daily activities in this memo are meant to help prevent any adjustment difficulties during the postnatal period. As in pregnancy regular physical activity is important during the post partum period, this not solo helps with endurance levels and prevention of chronic illness. Physical activity can help to ward off postpartum depression. Starting a low impact exercise routine 3-4 days a week should help you to obtain pre-pregnancy weight goals. (Borodulin, 2009)A healthy diet during the postpartum period is very important for all new mothers. Caloric brainchild should not fall below 1800 calories a day. (Boyd, 2013) Inadequate caloric intake may increase postpartum fatigue, and have a negative impact on mood. Post pregnancy dieting may be accompanied by significant decrease in bone mineral density. (Boyd, 2013)Postpartum depression affects many women and interrupts their dailyactivities and relationships. The symptoms of postpartum depression usually begin within one month after childbirth, most commonly feeling depressed or losing interest in daily activities. (What Is Postpartum Depression, 2014) Postpartum depression is treated with psychotherapy or antidepressants.ReferencesBorodulin, E. H. (2009). Physical Activitiy Patterns During Pregnancy Through Postpartum. Womens wellness , 32. Boyd, K. (2013). Diet, Nutrition, and Exercise. ARHP .Martens, D. H. (2006). Physiological changes and effects on the mother and fetus. Strength and Conditioning Journal , 78-82. Simons, E. T. (2014). Maternal second-hand smoke video in pregnancy is associated with childhood asthma development. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology in Practice , 201-207. Tjoa, C. &. (2010). unipolar depression during pregnancy Nonpharmacologic treatment options. Womens Health . What Is Postpartum Depression. (2014). Retrieved from Drugs.com.

Can Yahoo Still Attract Tech Workers? Essay

IntroductionAn American multinational Internet corporation cognise as rube Inc. is one of the near well know Internet sites out there. Yahoo is always expanding and seeking out and recruiting for high tech software experts to dish this business grow. Any high tech job should come with competitive salary as for Yahoo They have to work long hours to achive their goals. Yahoo Employees work hard but, play hard as well. palingenesis/Analysis of the CaseYahoo Attracts over 700 million visitors a month. Now thats a plentifulness for a company that has been around since 1994. They may have 14,000 employees but, they work them so hard that some pass along for better paying opertunities. Yahoo is part of the old Internet with Google being the new age. Their supply an invite is very low. Meaning they have to a greater extent work then workers. Their workers keep leaving. Some of the best guide employees have even left due to wanting to go to the new age internet.Yahoo direct to streng then it communications internaly. According to an article written by Bridgettte Redman on the Chron site she states, Internal enlisting works only if employees have access to the information about opportunities. Multiple communication channels ensures that more employees go forth have access to the information. (http//smallbusiness.chron.com/effective-hr-approach-internal-recruitment-25095.html) Developing plans and goals for each one of their employees can keep them on surmount and to keep them motivated in what they are doing. They can also do semi yearly and annual performance reviews to establish what they need to work harder on and what their new goals/ achevments are.Recruitment is probably one of the most important for Yahoo. If they donthave the right type of people then they will now be able to keep them. They first need to look at well known Technology Colleges and then look into some of the most brightest, and endowment funded students on each campus. Using the talent management system, Intercontinental is filling 84% of general manager positions and 26% of corporate jobs with current employees. The hatchway has lowered recruiting costs, increased employee loyalty, and boosted productivity and profitability. (Gerhart, B., Hollenbeck, J., Noe, R., & Wright, P. (2009). Lookin for the right canadit with the right skills and degree you are looking for usualy have already developed the desired commitment that the recruiter is looking for with the exception customer service skills needed. Most colleges and universities like Kaplan has agreement services to help graduate to find their desired jobs. Putting the information in with them with help a recruiter to also scan candiates and expand Yahoo into the new age and out of the old internet world. compendious and ConclusionsYahoo had good employees that left for other companies despite their great talent and how good yahoo was because of their escape of excitement and no creativity. Hence, the other companies had better talent and much more to offer. Yahoo should most emphatically recruit people from the top best engineering schools in order to expand the organization of yahoo. They should also keep all the employees on their toes and push them to go futher and stronger with compensation for their time, hard work and dedication.ReferencesGerhart, B., Hollenbeck, J., Noe, R., & Wright, P. (2009). Fundamentals of benignant resource management (3rd ed.). New York, NY McGraw-Hill. Bridgette Redman, Deman Media. Chron. (NA) http//smallbusiness.chron.com/effective-hr-approach-internal-recruitment-25095.html

Toyota Production system Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Toyota Production clay - Research Paper ExampleTPS is an integrated socio-technical system developed by Taiichi Ohno, Shigeo Shingo, and Eiji Toyoda. This system includes its management philosophy and practices. It assists Toyota in organizing its manufacturing activities and logistics and in effective interaction with suppliers and customers. The major(ip) objectives of TPS include resolution on the overburden, inconsistency, and elimination of waste. As Basu points out, this system addresses seven kinds of waste such as waste of overproduction, waste of time on hand, waste in transportation, waste of processing itself, waste of ocellus on hand, waste of movement, and waste of making defective products (Basu 11). Toyota believes that quality management is the key to global scrap and hence the company deploys the TPS as a tool for meeting customer tastes and preferences. The most fascinating take in of the TPS is that it can accurately identify wastes in production and effectivel y optimize various scheduling processes. In the view of some experts, the greatest strength of TPS is the way it develops people. Unlike a push system where employees but work according to the instructions they are given, the TPS greatly fosters employee creativity and this situation benefits the company to improve its productivity. In TPS, T stands for Thinking as well as Toyota. The TPS encourages Toyota workers to come up with revolutionary production techniques and unique(p) ideas that would contribute to the firms market competitiveness. It is noted that this system is highly potential to develop high-octane leaders who can thoroughly understand various processes and hence train others. In addition, TPS is a make better tool to develop exceptional teams of employees that can properly follow the companys philosophy.Similarly, this system greatly aids the organization to cut lead-time by eliminating all the bits

Adults with learning disabilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Adults with learning disabilities - Essay ExampleA learning constipation is defined as a neurological disorder. It is the result of a difference in wiring in some adults and children.Those who experience a LD may be as intelligent,or even smarter,than their cohorts,although they have difficulty with an act/s such as reading, writing, spelling, recall and reasoning Interventions to aid adult learners with LD have changed dramatically everyplace the past century (DAmato, Crepeau-Hobson, Huang, & Geil, 2005). This paper will critically review the development of the present day approaches to encumbrance to demonstrate the benefits of the social-model. Firstly, a historical perspective will be given to illustrate the growth of LD aid delivery from a medical-model approach, labeling theory to a social-model approach. Secondly, soulfulness-centred planning shall be critically discussed. Next issues of anti-oppressive practices with regard to sexual urge will be outlined. Finally, a c onclusion shall synthesise the main points of this paper to identify the advantages that social-model based interventions plunder have. It is anticipated that this paper will inform research to aid adults with LD to be encouraged in their strengths, cognizant of their weaknesses, and to better understand health and social care systems approaches to providing care. In the early 19th century the take model of care for adults with a LD was grounded in the broad system of health care (Young, 2006). Following the industrial revolution and the mass migration of the rural population to the cities those with a LD tended to be among those living in poverty and execute enforced labour. In the mid-19th century many concerned citizens debated the humanity of the conditions of those living in poverty, and who were experiencing ways of existence such as a LD. The medical-model approach at the time considered the people housed within asylums as having a problem that was not suitable to be wor ked with. The patients were often treated as children and robbed of their dignity and seen as not able to make the correct choices for them to ensure good health. According to the medical-model those with a LD were a threat to the contamination of the UK gene pool. Hence, this subsequent medical-modal approach continued with the view of a biological condition alone, that could not be altered in any way by nurturing. And by taking a rigid nature view of LD saw the person experiencing the condition as beyond hope of social interventions, and that wider society (i.e., environment) had no responsibility as to how those with LD undergo life and well being. Dramatic changes came following the Wars, when the atrocities of Nazi experiments highlighted the need for more thought into what it means to be human, issues of dignity, welfare, protection and human rights. The dawn of ethical research and treatment had come. Whilst the medical-model remained focused on diagnosis, treatment and o bserve for effect, the idea that living experiences for those with LD could be improved took hold. The new version of the medical-model emphasised the possibility of treatment by identifying and strengthening cognitive abilities of those with LD (arrowsmithschool.org, 2007). When the weak areas of the brain are strengthened.the learning disability is reduced or removed. (Steinberg, 2007, p. 1). In 1946 there was the introduction of the National Health Service in the UK and with it came the creation of the term mentally handicapped and the institutions developed into hospitals with a focus on caring for patients. Society had shifted from seeing those who were LD as dangerous and a potential infective threat, to people in need of interventions and treatment. Labeling theory (Tannenbaum, 1938), grew in popularity as those with LD who adopted deviant behaviors, such as drug use and or crime, were considered to be the victims of social